Volume 8, No. 2, December 2022
General Information
- ISSN: 2395-647X (Online)
- Short Title: Int. J. Geol. Earth Sci.
- Frequency: Semi-annual
- Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Marina Fernandez de la Cruz, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
- Associate Editor: Sujitha R. Reddy, Savitha Darsha
- DOI: 10.18178/ijges
- Abstracting/Indexing: Crossref, Google Scholar.
- E-mail questions to IJGES Editorial Office.
Hazard Evaluation Index and Water Quality Index Assessment of Groundwater around Ikwe Ona Refinery and Surrounding Environment
2.Institute of Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
3.Department of Geology, Federal University, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
4.Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Abstract—This study was aimed at assessing the groundwater Water Quality Index (WQI) and Hazard Evaluation Index (HEI) around Ikwe Ona Refinery and its environs. Fourty-five water samples were collected from 15 water boreholes following strict sampling procedures and analyzed in the laboratory using the Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Human Health risk was determined by calculating the average daily dosage (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) respectively. The HEI of toxic metals and the WQI were calculated. Arsenic had the least ADD value (0.114 μg/l) followed by aluminum (1.429 μg/l). However, iron (Fe) recorded the highest ADD value (6.80 μg/l) followed by copper (Cu) (5.114 μg/l) then lead (Pb)( 5086 μg/l) respectively. The HQ for the selected toxic metals in the groundwater samples ranged from 9.71E-03 for Total Iron (Fe) to 5.37E+00 Cadmium (Cd). The HI was calculated to be 9.38E+00 while the mean values of HEI were calculated to be 55.77. The results of WQI from the different sampling stations varied from 38.53 (station 6) to 62.14 (station 13), with 14 out of 15 sampling points having a good water quality. The WQI result is in contrast to the HEI results indicating high contamination by toxic metals. This means that in terms of WQI, the 15 boreholes sampled had good water quality concerning WHO standards for agricultural and other household uses except for drinking and other critical industrial uses, except it is treated for the high HEI contamination by toxic metals such as Cadmium, Lead, Manganese, and Aluminum.
Index Terms—WQI, HEI, contamination, groundwater, toxic metals, Ikwe Ona
Cite:Ogunka H. Nwankwoala, Cheneboso D. Okujagu, Vivian Oyegun, Ernest O. Akudo, Daniel B. B. Koate , "Hazard Evaluation Index and Water Quality Index Assessment of Groundwater around Ikwe Ona Refinery and Surrounding Environment," International Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 20-30, June 2021. doi: 10.18178/ijges.8.2.20-30.
Copyright © 2022 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the article is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.